Methods of Contraception - Matter of Great Concern

Main task that contraceptive are assigned to do is to prohibit mating of sperms and ovum. This task is carried out in different ways by different methods. Some of them include hormonal methods which prevent release of egg from ovaries, barrier methods like condoms which prohibit sperms from reaching to egg. Some methods are to be used only during emergency.

1. Hormonal Birth Control:-

Popular form of hormonal birth control is birth control pills. Hormonal stick-on patches, shots and inserted vaginal rings or implants are also used for this purpose. These contraceptives are available only on medical prescription and don't guarantee protection from sexually transmitted diseases. They stop release of egg from follicles so it cannot be fertilized by the sperm. Most of the hormonal methods are 90% effective with implants about 99% effective. They should be used only after medical consultation.

2. Barrier Birth Control:-

As the name suggests, these methods create a barrier between mating of sperm and egg. Most of them are available without prescription.

Types:-

Male condoms: - Male condoms, in most of the cases, can be trusted to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Condoms are cheap and easily available. Latex condoms are a good choice if they are seen as a protection against genital infections. It is about 60% effective and if used perfectly, can prevent the pregnancy up to 98%.Female condoms: - They are available in the form of plastic tube that is to be inserted into vagina. Like female condoms, they are 80% effective. They are useful as a protection against sexually transmittedSponge: - It is a piece of foam administered with spermicide. Sponge is also available in pharmacies without any prescription. It is to be placed into vagina. Its effectiveness ranges from 68% to 84%. Other spermicides available in gels and cream format can also be used. They are about 70% efficient. However, neither the sponge nor he spermicides give guarantee against STDs.Other options like cervical cap, cervical shield and diaphragm are available only on prescription. They are made up of rubber or silicon which are to be inserted into vagina as deeper as possible. Effectiveness in preventing pregnancy is about 90%.

3. IUDs (Intrauterine Devices):-

These are small devices inserted into vagina by experienced nurse or medical practitioner. The procedure is quick although a little uncomfortable. It is a long term protection from the risk of getting pregnant. They are natural sperm killer and last up to 5 to 10 years. They are 99% effective in preventing pregnancy but not useful to protect from STDs.

4. Emergency Contraception:-

This is not a regular form of birth control and should not be used as an alternative to common contraception methods prescribed above. The sooner they are administered after unprotected sex, more effective they are in preventing pregnancy. They don't give any protection from the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases. Most of these contraceptives are in pill format. Copper IUDs can also be used in these cases.

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Andy Decosta has published 24 articles. Article submitted on October 29, 2013. Word count: 489

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